It is amazing that teachers worldwide have settled so universally on a structure so inefficient in implementing basic principles known to produce engagement and learning. Rather than using this inefficient Whole Class Question-Answer structure, the teacher might use any of a number of efficient Kagan structures

Positive Interdependence:

When the teacher has students RallyRobin, students experience themselves as on the same side rather than pitted one against another. They have a common goal. Each hopes their partner comes up with good answers, knowing a gain for one is a gain for the other. Sharing, caring, verbal skills, and listening skills are enhanced.

Individual Accountability:

Each student is required to repeatedly respond on their own publicly, creating engagement and learning. They know they cannot daydream because often they will be held accountable.

Equal Participation:

Because students are taking turns in pairs, each student in the class participates about equally.

Simultaneous Interaction:

At any one moment half the students in the class are overtly (you can see or hear it) active naming answers, not just one student out of the class. In six minutes of RallyRobin each student has about three minutes to verbalise their answers. In contrast, Whole Class Question-Answer gives only one minute to only three students, while others are passive and silent. Retention is fostered by RallyRobin in part because each student is verbalising his/her own answers.

Kagan structures are bridges, allowing teachers to pass easily from principles to practices, implementing basic principles and visions as part of any lesson, at any Key Stage, with any curriculum.